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Darius the Persian (דָּרְיָוֶשׁ, doryawesh). A king of Persia mentioned in Neh 12:22.

It is unclear which Persian king named Darius is intended. Possibilities include Darius the Great (r. 522–486 bc), Darius II Nothus (r. 424–404 bc), or, if a later date is accepted, Darius III Codomanus (r. ca. 336–330 bc). However, the Elephantine papyri mentions a high priest named Johanan (ANET, 492); if this is the same Johanan mentioned in Neh 12:22–23, then his high priesthood can be dated to the last decade of the fifth century bc, which would identify Darius II Nothus as “Darius the Persian.”

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